White noise basics
A short history of white noise
Humans have always slept to natural sounds. The idea of making them on purpose is newer.
The term white noise comes from 20th century physics and signal theory. Office sound masking appeared in the mid 20th century, dedicated sleep machines became popular in the 1960s onward, and apps made them universal in the 2010s.
Natural sound first
For most of history, people slept to rain, wind, fire, water and the sounds of a household. The comfort of those sounds is why they remain popular choices today.
A term from physics and engineering
In the early 20th century, scientists studying random electrical signals noticed that thermal agitation in conductors produces noise with a flat spectrum. The term "white noise" borrowed from white light and was in use in signal theory and acoustics by the middle of the century.
Sound masking in offices
In the 1960s, engineers began adding carefully shaped background sound to open offices to cover conversation and improve privacy. This is sound masking, and it is still common.
Sleep machines
Dedicated sound machines for sleep appeared in the 1960s and spread through the following decades, first in medical offices and hotels and then in homes. Baby versions with womb sounds and lullabies followed.
Apps and streaming
Smartphones made sound machines free and portable. Millions of people now use apps and online videos for sleep sounds. Research caught up more slowly, which is why many claims still rest on small studies.
Safety attention
In 2014, a study in Pediatrics on infant sleep machines drew attention to loud maximum volumes, and led to clearer advice on volume and distance. See white noise safety.
Today
You can generate it in a browser with the free generator or carry 20 sounds in your pocket with Baby White Noise.
Frequently asked questions
Who invented white noise?
No one invented it. The idea developed in physics and engineering, and the term spread in the 20th century.
When did sleep machines start?
Dedicated machines became popular from the 1960s.
This page is general information, not medical advice. Talk to your pediatrician about your baby's sleep and hearing, and follow current safe sleep guidance.